Policy on the Use of Artificial Intelligence

With regard to generative artificial intelligence (generative AI), Pharos takes as its primary reference the recommendations of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE), which considers that the use of generative AI and AI-assisted tools may represent an auxiliary technology and a useful form of support, provided that they are used responsibly and prudently, its use is declared in detail, and its outputs are reviewed, corrected, and accepted by human beings. This duty of transparency is also consistent with the principles of open science, which promote the traceability and reproducibility of research.

Accordingly, the use of generative AI as an auxiliary tool in the processing of information generated through the research process must be declared systematically and in detail, whether it involves AI-assisted tools or technologies—particularly generative systems and large language models (LLMs)—by authors as well as by those involved in the evaluation and editing of articles. Articles written using generative AI will not be accepted. Pharos has tools that detect such practices, and articles identified as having been generated by AI will not be considered.

Authors will detail the use of these tools in the Methodology section and in the Acknowledgements. Pharos will periodically review its policy on generative AI and update it as necessary, given the rapid development of this field in technical or legal aspects.

With respect to citation practices, the American Psychological Association (APA) states that AI resources should not be treated as personal communications, as no such communication exists. Instead, they should be regarded as the output of an algorithm, which must be credited through an entry in the reference list and a corresponding in-text citation, as shown below:

In-text citation: (OpenAI, 2023)

References: OpenAI. (2023). ChatGPT (Version 2.0, March 14) [Large language model]. https://chat.openai.com/chat